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Sale of mushrooms and forest fruits at the Maribor market - Maja Godina Golija
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Mixed forests in Pohorje - Maja Godina Golija
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Chanterelles - common mushrooms in Pohorje - Maja Godina Golija
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Ceps (jurčki) - common mushrooms in Pohorje - Maja Godina Golija
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Mushroom Soup - Maja Godina Golija
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Mushroom risotto - Maja Godina Golija
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2019
Indietro
Categoria
Natura e UniversoTag
DOVE
Ruše, Sl. Bistrica, Maribor, Radlje ob Dravi -
QUANDO
The picking of mushrooms in the Pohorje Mountains takes place every spring, summer and autumn.
CHI
Mushroom picking and mushroom dishes
Mushrooms have been a part of the Slavic food culture for centuries. In the past, mushrooms were picked in Slovenia mostly for sale. They were picked eagerly and diligently as large amounts of mushrooms conferred prestige and recognition on the gatherers within the village community. Mushroom gatherers were often the men who did not pick other fruits in the forest. They brought mushrooms from the villagers to the city markets. Till the 1980's, mushrooms were an important source of income; people tried to sell as many fresh or dried mushrooms as possible. As is the case today, Slovenian mushrooms gatherers most often picked ceps, morels, chanterelles, goat's beards, honey fungi and parasol mushrooms. Small quantities of mushrooms are put into sacks, while larger amounts are placed in baskets or bags so that they do not get crushed. At home, they are spread out to dry on boards or are consumed fresh. In the past, mushrooms were dried in the sun or near the stove overnight. In the last four decades, people started picking mushrooms more for their own consumption. The rapid development of the car industry has resulted in the increased mobility of townspeople who drive out to the countryside much more often than they used to. Mushroom picking has become a very popular way of spending leisure time for urban populations. In the past, mushrooms were consumed by villagers and by wealthier townspeople alike. The less affluent consumed them as everyday dishes, while those who were financially better-off only ate mushrooms as side dishes served with meat. In the past, as today, in the Pohorje Mountains better and more expensive mushrooms are made into soups, braised with onions, or prepared with egg or cream. Small mushrooms, especially the cep, are pickled with vinegar and appreciated as a side dish for roast meat or cold cuts. Mushroom dishes are still very popular in this region today and some new ways of preparation are being used. Fried mushrooms (especially parasol mushrooms and champignons), mushroom risotto, and stuffed mushrooms are very popular and are served also as speciality dishes in many restaurants in Styria. Pickled with vinegar, mushrooms are still popularly served with roast meat and cold cuts. Some new recipes have also been introduced in the Pohorje Mountains, for instance, mushroom dumplings or štruklji, mushroom strudel and mushroom pâte. Various mushroom dishes have become appreciated as speciality dishes, either at home or in restaurants and on tourist farms. Tourist farms in the Pohorje Mountains like to offer their guests different mushroom dishes and they also sell some mushroom products to visitors. On the tourist farm Pri Kovačniku in the village of Planica in Pohorje they prepare for their guests a risotto with mushrooms, mushroom soup and pohorski lonec (Pohorje pot), a newly created dish, which is prepared from local meat, vegetables and mushrooms. As Barbara Štern, the owner of that farm, mentioned, mushroom dishes are a part of the regular menu, but also of the vegetarian menu. Mushroom dishes are on the menus of Pohorje's tourist farms especially in autumn. Mushrooms and mushroom dishes, especially mushroom soup with buckwheat žganci (mush or porridge), are very popular also in the mountain cottages in the Pohorje Mountains. It could be said that nowadays tourism and the local diet in the Pohorje Mountains cannot be imagined without mushrooms. The preparation of many mushroom dishes in Pohorje has become increasingly important for contemporary tourism. They assure tourists that the food has grown in a natural environment, without additives; mushrooms are also a very good example of healthy, seasonal food. The number of different species of mushrooms being picked and prepared in the Pohorje Mountains is increasing. It was, therefore, necessary to introduce legislation forbidding excessive mushroom picking.
NOTIZIE STORICO-CRITICHE
The picking of mushrooms is a very old economic activity and was one of the forms of food acquisition among tribal people. It was not until the development of the railway system in Slovenia, industrialization and the rapid development of towns in the middle of the nineteenth century that the commercial value of mushrooms and chestnuts increased and reached international proportions. From the beginning of the twentieth century onward, mushrooms were picked mostly for sale. Before and after the Second World War, village traders brought mushrooms to town markets. Mushrooms were an important source of income for the less affluent people, especially in autumn. Today, some mushrooms are eaten at home, but more of them are sold to traders, food enterprises and at town markets.
APPRENDIMENTO E TRASMISSIONE
Learning how to gather, preserve and use mushrooms was in the past and still is today carried out within families. The knowledge is usually passed from older men to children. In the Pohorje Mountains, oral tradition has been preserved regarding the picking and using of mushrooms, but also about poisonous mushrooms. The knowledge of locations in the Pohorje Mountains where you can find a large amount of mushrooms or very valuable mushrooms is also passed from older men to the younger generation. Moreover, the Chanterelle Mushroom Society Maribor (Gobarsko društvo lisička Maribor) organizes lectures, exhibitions, excursions and workshops to pass on knowledge about mushrooms in the Pohorje region to different generations of people. The Chanterelle Mushroom Society Maribor also published popular literature on mushrooms in the regions of Pohorje and Maribor.
COMUNITÀ
Picking mushrooms and using mushrooms in diet is part of the traditional and modern life in the Pohorje Mountains. Mushrooms are an element of natural and cultural heritage and of the local identity of the population in the Pohorje Mountains. The picking and selling of mushrooms are also part of the economic activities in the Pohorje Mountains, at tourist farms and at mountains cottages, where they sell mushroom dishes and mushrooms pickled in vinegar. Today, mushrooms are successfully used in the catering and tourism industry; some local gastronomic products typical of the Pohorje Mountains have developed, for instance, pohorski lonec (Pohorje pot), prepared from local meat, vegetables and mushrooms.
AZIONI DI VALORIZZAZIONE
Mushroom societies, political factions and the ministry have prepared a few acts for the protection of mushrooms in Slovenia. Awareness of the importance of picking and using mushrooms in Slovenian regions, including Pohorje, is also being promoted through the activities of tourist organizations and various mushroom societies, for instance, the Chanterelle Mushroom Society Maribor, which organizes courses, excursions and lectures. Moreover, some ethnologists have written studies on the traditional and contemporary picking and using of mushrooms in Slovenian folk culture.
MISURE DI SALVAGUARDIA
There are some safeguarding measures regarding mushrooms which are being implemented by the Slovenian government and ministries, for instance, the Nature Conservation Act/Zakon o ohranjanju narave (Uradni list RS, No. 96/04), the Forest Act/Zakon o gozdovih (Uradni list RS, No. 30/93) and the Decree on the Protection of Wild Fungi/Uredba o varstvu samoniklih gliv (Uradni list RS, No. 57/98).
Per sapere di più
Siti web
Bibliografia
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Makarovič Marija
Kmečko gospodarstvo na Slovenskem
Mladinska knjiga 1978 -
Godina Golija Maja
Food from Nature: Attitudes, Strategies and Culinary Practices - Forest fruits and mushrooms in the food culture of Slovenes in the twentieth century
The Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy fro Swedisch F 2000 -
Novak Vilko
Slovenski etnograf X [Slovenian Ethnographer] - Vprašanje nabiralništva pri Slovencih [The Issue of Gathering among Slovenes] -
Šerod Slavko
Glive Mariborskega otoka
Mestna občina Maribor 2018
A cura di
Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts - Institute of Slovenian Ethnology - Miha Peče
Supervisore scientifico
Godina Golija, Maja
Data di pubblicazione
23-SEP-2019 (Miha Peče )
Ultimo aggiornamento
23-SEP-2019 (Agostina Lavagnino)
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